REPUBLIC ACT
NO. 8491
AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE CODE OF THE NATIONAL FLAG, ANTHEM,
MOTTO, COAT-OF-ARMS AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES OF
THE PHILIPPINES
SECTION 1. Short title. -
This Act shall be known as the "Flag and Heraldic Code
of the Philippines."
SECTION 2. Declaration of policy. - Reverence and respect
shall at all times be accorded the flag, the anthem, and
other national symbols which embody the national ideals and
traditions and which express the principles of sovereignty
and national solidarity. The heraldic items and devices
shall seek to manifest the national virtues and to inculcate
in the minds and hearts of our people a just pride in their
native land, fitting respect and affection for the national
flag and anthem, and the proper use of the national motto,
coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and devices.
SECTION 3. Definition of terms. - Whenever used in this Act,
the term:
a) "Military" shall mean all branches of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines including the Philippine National
Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and the
Bureau of Fire Protection;
b) "Festoon" shall mean to hang in a curved shape
between two points as a decoration;
c) "Flag" shall mean the Philippine National Flag,
unless stated otherwise;
d) "Fly" shall mean the part of the flag outside
the hoist or length;
e) "Symbol" shall mean any conventional sign which
reveals man's achievement and heroism (for orders and
decorations), identification, authority and a sign of
dignity (for coat-of-arms, logo and insignia);
f) "Half-Mast" shall mean lowering the flag to
one-half the distance between the top and bottom of the
staff;
g) "Hoist" shall mean the part of the flag nearest
the staff or the canvass to which the halyard is attached;
h) "Inclement Weather" shall mean that a typhoon
signal is raised in the locality;
i) "National Anthem" shall mean the Philippine
National Anthem;
j) "Official Residences" shall mean Malacañang,
and other government-owned structures where the President
resides, and other structures occupied by the Philippine
Consulate or Embassies abroad;
k) "Places of Frivolity" shall mean places of
hilarity marked by or providing boisterous merriment or
recreation; and
l) "Institute" shall mean the National Historical
Institute.
SECTION 4. The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white
and red with an eight-rayed golden-yellow sun and three
five-pointed stars, as consecrated and honored by the
people.
B. Hoisting and Display of the National Flag
SECTION 5. The flag shall be displayed in all public
buildings, official residences, public plazas, and
institutions of learning every day throughout the year.
SECTION 6. The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and
night throughout the year, in front of the following: at
Malacañang Palace; the Congress of the Philippines
building; Supreme Court building; the Rizal Monument in
Luneta, Manila; Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite; Barasoain
Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan; the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier,
Libingan ng mga Bayani; Musoleo de los Beteranos dela
Revolucion; all International Ports of Entry and all other
places as may be designated by the Institute.
The flag shall be properly illuminated at night.
SECTION 7. The flag shall also be displayed in private
buildings and residences or raised in the open on
flag-staffs in front of said buildings every April 9 (Araw
ng Kagitingan); May 1 (Labor Day); May 28 (National Flag
Day) to June 12 (Independence Day); last Sunday of August
(National Heroes Day); November 30 (Bonifacio Day); and
December 30 (Rizal Day); and on such other days as may be
declared by the President and/or local chief executives.
The flag may also be displayed throughout the year in
private buildings or offices or raised in the open on
flag-staffs in front of private buildings: Provided, That
they observe flag-raising ceremonies in accordance with the
rules and regulations to be issued by the Office of the
President.
SECTION 8. All government agencies and instrumentalities,
and local government offices, government-owned corporations
and local government units are enjoined to observe flag day
with appropriate ceremonies. Socio-civic groups,
non-government organizations and the private sector are
exhorted to cooperate in making the celebrations a success.
SECTION 9. The flag shall be flown on merchant ships of
Philippine registry of more than one thousand (1000) gross
tons and on all naval vessels.
On board naval vessels, the flag shall be displayed on the
flag-staff at the stern when the ship is at anchor. The flag
shall be hoisted to the gaff at the aftermast when the ship
is at sea.
SECTION 10. The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have
its blue field on top in time of peace and the red field on
top in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue field
shall be to the right (left of the observer) in time of
peace, and the red field to the right (left of the observer)
in time of war.
The flagpole staff must be straight and slightly tapering at
the top.
SECTION 11. If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall be
at a prominent place and shall be of such height as would
give the flag commanding position in relation to the
buildings in the vicinity.
If attached to a building, the flagpole shall be on top of
its roof or anchored on a sill projecting at an angle
upward.
If on a stage or platform or government office, the flag
shall be at the left (facing the stage) or the left of the
office upon entering.
SECTION 12. When the Philippine flag is flown with another
flag, the flags, if both are national flags, must be flown
on separate staffs of the same height and shall be of equal
size. The Philippine flag shall be hoisted first and lowered
last.
If the other flag is not a national flag, it may be flown in
the same lineyard as the Philippine flag but below the
latter and it cannot be of greater size than the Philippine
flag.
SECTION 13. When displayed with another flag, the Philippine
flag shall be on the right of the other flag. If there is a
line of other flags, the Philippine flag shall be in the
middle of the line.
When carried in a parade with flags which are not national
flags, the Philippine flag shall be in front of the center
of the line.
SECTION 14. A flag worn out through wear and tear, shall not
be thrown away. It shall be solemnly burned to avoid misuse
or desecration. The flag shall be replaced immediately when
it begins to show signs of wear and tear.
SECTION 15. The flag shall be raised at sunrise and lowered
at sunset. It shall be on the mast at the start of official
office hours, shall remain flying throughout the day.
SECTION 16. The flag may be displayed:
a) Inside or outside a building or on stationary flagpoles.
If the flag is displayed indoors on a flagpole, it shall be
placed at the left of the observer as one enters the room;
b) From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a prominent
place or a commanding position in relation to the
surrounding buildings;
c) From a staff projecting upward from the window sill,
canopy, balcony or facade of a building;
d) In a suspended position from a rope extending from a
building to pole erected away from the building;
e) Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and stars
on top; and
f) Hanging in a vertical position across a street, with the
blue field pointing east, if the road is heading south or
north, or pointing north if the road is heading east or
west.
The flag shall not be raised when the weather is inclement.
If already raised, the flag shall not be lowered.
SECTION 17. The flag shall be hoisted to the top briskly and
lowered ceremoniously.
The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the
ground, flood, water or other objects.
After being lowered, the flag shall be handled and folded
solemnly as part of the ceremony.
C. Conduct of Flag Raising Ceremony
SECTION 18. All government offices and educational
institutions shall henceforth observe the flag-raising
ceremony every Monday morning and the flag lowering ceremony
every Friday afternoon. The ceremony shall be simple and
dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the
Philippine National Anthem.
SECTION 19. The Office of the President upon the
recommendation of the Institute shall issue rules and
regulations for the proper conduct of the flag ceremony.
SECTION 20. The observance of the flag ceremony in official
or civic gatherings shall be simple and dignified and shall
include the playing or singing of the anthem in its original
Filipino lyrics and march tempo.
SECTION 21. During the flag-raising ceremony, the assembly
shall stand in formation facing the flag. At the moment the
first note of the anthem is heard, everyone in the premises
shall come to attention; moving vehicles shall stop. All
persons present shall place their right palms over their
chests, those with hats shall uncover; while those in
military, scouting, security guard, and citizens military
training uniforms shall give the salute prescribed by their
regulations, which salute shall be completed upon the last
note of the anthem.
The assembly shall sing the Philippine national anthem,
accompanied by a band, if available, and at the first note,
the flag shall be raised briskly.
The same procedure shall be observed when the flag is
passing in review or in parade.
SECTION 22. During the flag lowering, the flag shall be
lowered solemnly and slowly so that the flag shall be down
the mast at the sound of the last note of the anthem. Those
in the assembly shall observe the same deportment or shall
observe the same behavior as for the flag-raising ceremony.
D. Half-Mast
SECTION 23. The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign
of mourning on all the buildings and places where it is
displayed, as provided for in this Act, on the day of
official announcement of the death of any of the following
officials:
a) The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;
b) The Vice-President, the Chief Justice, the President of
the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives,
for seven (7) days; and
c) Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for any
period less than seven (7) days.
The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings
and places where the decedent was holding office, on the day
of death until the day of interment of an incumbent member
of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the House
of Representatives, and such other persons as may be
determined by the Institute.
The flag when flown at half-mast shall be first hoisted to
the peak for a moment then lowered to the half-mast
position. The flag shall again be raised to the peak before
it is lowered for the day.
E. Casket
SECTION 24. The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the
honored dead of the military, veterans of previous wars,
national artists, and of civilians who have rendered
distinguished service to the nation, as may be determined by
the local government unit concerned. In such cases, the flag
shall be placed such that the white triangle shall be at the
head and the blue portion shall cover the right side of the
caskets. The flag shall not be lowered to the grave or
allowed to touch the ground, but shall be folded solemnly
and handed over to the heirs of the deceased.
F. Pledge to the Flag
SECTION 25. The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance
to the Philippine flag:
Ako ay Pilipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos
Maka-tao
Makakalikasan at
Makabansa.
Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right
hand with palm open raised shoulder high. Individuals whose
faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from making such
pledge must nonetheless show full respect when the pledge is
being rendered by standing at attention.
G. Flag Days
SECTION 26. The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year
is declared as Flag Days, during which period all offices,
agencies and instrumentalities of government, business
establishments, institutions of learning and private homes
are enjoined to display the flag.
H. Specifications of the National Flag
SECTION 27. The flag shall have the following proportions.
The width of the flag, 1; the length of the flag, 2; and the
sides of the white triangle, 1.
SECTION 28. The technical specifications shall be as
follows:
The blue color shall bear Cable No. 80173; the white color,
Cable No. 80001; the red color, Cable No. 80108; and the
golden yellow, Cable No. 80068.
SECTION 29. In order to establish uniform criteria in the
making of our national flag and to guarantee its durability
by the use of quality materials, the following standards and
procedures shall be observed:
a) All requisitions for the purchase of the Philippine
National Flag must be based on strict compliance with the
design, color, craftsmanship and material requirements of
the Government;
b) All submitted samples of flags by accredited suppliers
offered for purchase for government use shall be evaluated
as to design, color and craftsmanship specifications by the
Institute, through its Heraldry and Display Section, which
shall stamp its approval or disapproval on the canvass
reinforcement of the flag sample submitted. The samples
shall be sent to the Institute by the requisitioning office,
not by the flag supplier; and
c) The Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) or
the Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI) of the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) shall evaluate
the quality of material of all flag samples and certify
whether the fabric for the blue, white, red and golden
yellow colors, including the canvas submitted, conforms to
government requirement as to quality of the material. The
samples shall be sent annually to the ITDI/PTRI by the
manufacturer. The laboratory test results shall be submitted
by the said office to the Institute.
SECTION 30. All deliveries of the flags requisitioned by the
government shall be inspected by the requisitioning agency's
internal inspector and by the Commission on Audit (COA)
using the flag stamped approved by the Institute as
reference.
SECTION 31. In carrying out its responsibilities under
Section 4 hereof, the Institute, COA, the ITDI/PTRI shall
prepare guidelines to be approved by the Office of the
President.
SECTION 32. All government agencies and instrumentalities
shall ensure that the requirements under this Act with
respect to the standards, requisitions and delivery of the
national flag are strictly complied with.
SECTION 33. All departments, agencies, offices, and
instrumentalities of the government, government-owned or
controlled corporations, local government units, including
barangays, shall include in their annual budgets the
necessary outlay for the purchase of the national flag.
I. Prohibited Acts
SECTION 34. It shall be prohibited:
a) To mutilate, deface, defile, trample on or cast contempt
or commit any act or omission casting dishonor or ridicule
upon the flag or over its surface;
b) To dip the flag to any person or object by way of
compliment or salute;
c) To use the flag:
1) As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth;
2) As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other
objects;
3) As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor
vehicles;
4) As a staff or whip;
5) For unveiling monuments or statues; and
6) As trademarks, or for industrial, commercial or
agricultural labels or designs.
d) To display the flag:
1) Under any painting or picture;
2) Horizontally face-up. It shall always be hoisted aloft
and be allowed to fall freely;
3) Below any platform; or
4) In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos,
gambling joints and places of vice or where frivolity
prevails.
e) To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or
uniform;
f) To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings,
advertisement, or imprint of any nature on the flag;
g) To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on
handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions, and other articles of
merchandise;
h) To display in public any foreign flag, except in
embassies and other diplomatic establishments, and in
offices of international organizations;
i) To use, display or be part of any advertisement or
infomercial; and
j) To display the flag in front of buildings or offices
occupied by aliens.
SECTION 35. The National
Anthem is entitled Lupang Hinirang.
SECTION 36. The National Anthem shall always be sung in the
national language within or without the country. The
following shall be the lyrics of the National Anthem:
Bayang magiliw,
Perlas ng Silanganan
Alab ng puso,
Sa Dibdib mo'y buhay.
Lupang Hinirang,
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig,
Di ka pasisiil.
Sa dagat at bundok,
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula,
At awit sa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo'y
Tagumpay na nagniningning,
Ang bituin at araw niya,
Kailan pa ma'y di magdidilim,
Lupa ng araw ng luwalhati't pagsinta,
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo,
Aming ligaya na pag may mang-aapi,
Ang mamatay ng dahil sa iyo.
SECTION 37. The rendition of
the National Anthem, whether played or sung, shall be in
accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of
Julian Felipe.
SECTION 38. When the National Anthem is played at a public
gathering, whether by a band or by singing or both, or
reproduced by any means, the attending public shall sing the
anthem. The singing must be done with fervor.
As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention
and face the Philippine flag, if there is one displayed, and
if there is none, they shall face the band or the conductor.
At the first note, all persons shall execute a salute by
placing their right palms over their left chests. Those in
military, scouting, citizens military training and security
guard uniforms shall give the salute prescribed by their
regulations. The salute shall be completed upon the last
note of the anthem.
The anthem shall not be played and sung for mere recreation,
amusement or entertainment purposes except on the following
occasions:
a) International competitions where the Philippines is the
host or has a representative;
b) Local competitions;
c) During the "signing off" and "signing
on" of radio broadcasting and television stations;
d) Before the initial and last screening of films and before
the opening of theater performances; and
e) Other occasions as may be allowed by the Institute.
SECTION 39. All officials and employees of the national and
local government, and any agency or instrumentality thereof,
including government-owned or controlled corporations,
privately-owned entities or offices displaying the national
flag and government institutions of learning are hereby
directed to comply strictly with the rules prescribed for
the rendition of the anthem. Failure to observe the rules
shall be a ground for administrative discipline.
SECTION 41. The National
Coat-of-Arms shall have:
Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent
studded with three (3) mullets equidistant from each other;
and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over all the sun
rayonnant with eight minor and lesser rays. Beneath shall be
the scroll with the words "REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS,"
inscribed thereon. [See note below
about supporters.]
SECTION 42. The Great Seal
shall be circular in form, with the arms as described in the
preceding section, but without the scroll and the
inscription thereon. Surrounding the whole shall be a double
marginal circle within which shall appear the words "Republika
ng Pilipinas." For the purpose of placing The Great
Seal, the color of the arms shall not be deemed essential
but tincture representation must be used.
The Great Seal shall also bear the National Motto.
SECTION 43. The Great Seal shall be affixed to or placed
upon all commissions signed by the President and upon such
other official documents and papers of the Republic of the
Philippines as may be provided by law, or as may be required
by custom and usage. The President shall have custody of the
Great Seal.
SECTION 44. Any government
entity, including the military, may adopt appropriate
coat-of-arms, administrative seals, logo, insignia, badges,
patches, and banners; and initiate awards, citations, orders
or decorations; as may be authorized by Congress or the
Office of the President.
SECTION 45. Such heraldic devices and items shall be filed
with the Institute for recording and evaluation as to
precedence, design, customs and traditions. The Institute
shall promulgate the corresponding rules and regulations
which shall be submitted for approval to the Office of the
President or to Congress.
SECTION 46. All government offices including the military
are hereby ordered to purchase all heraldic items and
devices from manufacturers accredited and authorized by the
Institute. Such items and devices shall be subject to
inspection by the purchasing agency's internal inspector and
the COA representative using the design and specifications
approved by the Office of the President or by the Congress,
through the Institute.
SECTION 47. No government official or employee shall accept
any order or decoration from any foreign government without
the consent of Congress, and without the prior evaluation
and documentation of such order or decoration by the
Institute.
SECTION 48. Failure or
refusal to observe the provisions of this Act; and any
violation of the corresponding rules and regulations issued
by the Office of the President, shall after proper notice
and hearing, shall be penalized by public censure which
shall be published at least once in a newspaper of general
circulation.
The Department of Education, Culture and Sports and the
Commission on Higher Education, upon the recommendation of
the Institute and after proper notice and hearing, shall
cause the cancellation of the recognition or permit of any
private educational institution which fails or refuses to
observe the provisions of this Act for the second time.
SECTION 49. The Department of Education, Culture and Sports
(DECS) and the Commission on Higher Education shall ensure
that the National Anthem, as adopted by law, shall be
committed to memory by all students of both public and
private educational institutions, and performed during the
flag ceremony conducted in accordance with the rules and
regulations issued by the Office of the President. In
addition, they shall make available the vocal, piano or band
scores of the National Anthem, as adopted by law, to all
private and public schools, as well as the general public.
SECTION 50. Any person or juridical entity which violates
any of the provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction, be
punished by a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos
(P5,000) nor more than Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000), or
by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or both such
fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court:
Provided, That for any second and additional offenses, both
fine and imprisonment shall always be imposed: Provided,
further, That in case the violation is committed by a
juridical person, its President or Chief Executive Officer
thereof shall be liable.
SECTION 51. The Institute
shall issue the necessary rules and regulations to implement
the provisions of this Act within ninety (90) days after
effectivity. The Institute shall submit its rules and
regulations to the Office of the President and the Congress
of the Philippines.
SECTION 52. The Institute shall also be responsible for the
strict enforcement of the provisions of this Act. It may
call upon any government department, agency, office, or
government instrumentality, including government
corporations, and local government units, for such
assistance as it may deem necessary for the effective
discharge of its functions under this Act.
SECTION 53. Separability clause. - If any provision, or part
hereof, is held invalid or unconstitutional, the remainder
of this Act not otherwise affected shall be valid and
subsisting.
SECTION 54. Repealing clause. - Any law, presidential decree
or issuance, executive order, letter of instruction,
administrative order, rule or regulation contrary to, or
inconsistent with, the provisions of this Act is hereby
repealed, modified, or amended accordingly.
SECTION 55. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect
fifteen (15) days from the date of its publication in the
Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of
general circulation.
I read the Law and was
surprised.. According to the law the coat of Philippines are
without eagle and lion now! Is this correct? Victor Lomantsov, 2 January 2002
I was at the Philippine
Senate today and brought your up your observation with the
Senate President. You are indeed correct, and that was
precisely the intention of the law. Officially, then, the
state arms have been deprived of their eagle and the lion.
The problem is, according to the Senate President is that
everyone is refusing to use the revised arms. Manuel L. Quezon III, 25 January 2002
This information on the
National Flag of the Philippines is taken from PNS 234:1989
'PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD - Specification for the
National Flag of the Philippines', Bureau of Standards
(Department of Trade and Industry):
4...TYPES
The flag shall be of three type plans:
Type I. National (civil, state or war flag)
Type II. Ensign (Navy)
Type III. Merchant Marine
5. SIZE AND DESIGN
5.1 The National Flag of the Philippines shall conform to
the requirements prescribed in Executive Order No23 dated 25
March 1936 as follows:
5.1.1 The flag shall be rectangular with its maximum length
twice its width or its minimum length twice the altitude of
the equilateral triangle.
5.1.2 The white field of the flag shall be an equilateral
triangle, each side of which is equal to the width of the
flag.
5.1.3 The width of the red and blue stripes shall each be
one-half the width of the flag.
5.1.4 The solid golden sunburst in the middle of the white
field (see figure 1) shall be without any marking and shall
have eight rays, equally spaced , the arc with the sun ray
X, shall equal the arc between rays Y. Two opposite rays
shall be in the horizontal axis and two in the vertical
axis. The other two pairs of two opposite rays shall be at a
45 degree angle with the vertical and horizontal axis. The
diameter of the sun shall be one-fifth the width of the
flag. Each ray shall have three beams, the middle or major
beam twice as wide as the other two minor beams found in
either side of the major beam. The length of each major beam
shall be five-ninths of the diameter of the sun and length
of each of the minor beams shall be four-fifths of the major
beam.
5.1.5 Each of the three golden stars in the corners of the
triangular field shall be five-pointed with one point
directed towards the vertex of the angle enclosing it. The
diameter of the circle circumscribing the each star shall be
five-ninths of the diameter of the sun and the diameter of
circle inscribed in each star shall be two-ninths of the
diameter of the sun. The distance of the centre of each star
from each corner of the triangular field shall be one-half
of the diameter of the sun.
5.1.6 The hoist side of the triangular field of the flag
shall be trimmed with canvas approximately one-fifth of the
diameter of the sum in width. The width of the trimmed edge
shall not be counted when determining the length of( the
flag.
NOTE - The dimensions for types I, II and III are the same.
Figure One conforms with the above in EVERY WAY BUT ONE, and
that concerns THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE STARS AND THE CORNERS
OF THE TRIANGLE. In Figure One the distance is shown
visually and given in figures as being one-half the diameter
of the sun FROM THE CORNER OF THE TRIANGLE TO THE OUTER EDGE
OF THE CIRCLE CIRCUMSCRIBING THE STARS. This would present a
problem except for two other sources, one of which also
places the sun and gives colours:
The National Historical Institute (NHI) 'which regulates the
design, colours, materials and craftsmanship and other
matters pertaining to the National Flag' (writing for the
Bureau of Standards of the Department of Trade and Industry)
put out a coloured diagram headed 'Technical Specifications
of the Philippine Flag' which is undated but refers to 1981.
This too conforms to the provisions given above except that
IT ALSO PLACES THE STARS AT ONE-HALF THE WIDTH OF THE SUN
FROM THE CORNERS TO THE OUTER ARC OF THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
THE STARS. In addition it also places the sun as being
one-half the diameter of the sun from the hoist edge (or the
same as the star from the apex of the triangle), and gives
the colours referring to the standard colours reference of
America, 10th Edition, 1981 as blue, Cable No. 80173, white,
Cable No. 80001, red, Cable No. 80108 and golden yellow,
Cable No. 80068.
Finally and to confirm that the provisions for placing the
stars given in 5.1.5 are, in fact, a mistake, I would refer
the excellent specification on P141 of the 1939 Edition of
the Flaggenbuch which (obviously based on the 1936 Executive
Order supposedly confirmed in 1989) also places the stars
from the outer circle.
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